Friday, December 27, 2013

Excerpts from “Business Briefings”

December 2013


HIGHLIGHTS

According to a new study from researchers at Rice University, conscientious people are more likely to provide good customer service.

The study, published in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology, examined the link between personality traits and effective behavior in customer service situations.  It found that individuals who are identified through tests as highly conscientious are more likely to be aware of how good interpersonal interactions positively impact customer service and are more likely to behave this way. 

While technical knowledge of a position is an important factor in successful job performance, it is only one part of the performance equation.

Much as intelligence impacts knowledge acquisition, personality traits impact how interpersonal skills are learned and used.  People who know more about what kinds of actions are successful in dealing with interpersonal service encounters — such as listening carefully, engaging warmly, and responding to questions effectively — handle them more effectively, and their understanding of successful customer service is shaped by underlying personality characteristics.
The research was conducted in two parts:

·         Part one included a group of 99 undergraduates enrolled in a psychology course at a small, private Southwestern university. 
·         Part two included a group of approximately 80 employees at a community service volunteer agency. 
In both parts of the study, participants completed a questionnaire ranking 50 customer-service encounters as effective or ineffective.  Both parts of the study revealed that people who were accurate in judging the effectiveness of customer-service activities behaved more effectively, and displayed higher levels of conscientiousness.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, August 21, 2013, "Relations Between Personality, Knowledge, and Behavior in Professional Service Encounters," by Stephan J. Motowidlo, et al.  © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  All rights reserved.


A team of Michigan State University neuroscientists has created a quick, but reliable test that can measure a person's creativity from single spoken words.  The research, published in the journal Behavior Research Methods, confirms that there is a lot of hard work going on in the brain even when the proverbial "light bulb" turning on feels effortless. 

The team members wanted to understand what makes creativity tick; that is, what the specific processes associated with creativity in the brain are.  Innovation doesn't just come for free — nobody learns their ABCs in kindergarten and suddenly writes a great novel or poem.  People need to master their craft before they can start to be creative in interesting ways.
For this research, 193 participants were shown a series of nouns and instructed to respond creatively with a verb in each case.  The test took about two minutes.  The "noun-verb" test is so simple it can be done by virtually anyone, anywhere.

For example, for the noun "chair," instead of answering with the standard verb "sit," a participant might answer "stand," as in to stand on a chair to change a light bulb.

The participants also were measured for creativity through a series of more in-depth methods, including story writing, drawing, and listing their creative achievements in real life.

The result:  Those who gave creative answers on the noun-verb test were indeed the most creative as measured by the more in-depth methods.  This suggests the noun-verb test, or a future variation, could be successful by itself in measuring creativity.

Currently, the MSU team is having participants complete the noun-verb test in an MRI machine while their brain activity is recorded, in hopes of identifying the parts of the brain responsible for creativity. 

Although much more research is needed, the findings eventually could help students, entrepreneurs, scientists, and others who depend on innovative thinking.  Ultimately, this work could allow researchers to create better educational and training programs to help people foster their creativity.  It also could be helpful in settings where selecting creative people is important, such as the human resources office.
Behavior Research Methods, October 2013, "Thin Slices of Creativity:  Using Single-Word Utterances to Assess Creative Cognition," by Ranjani Prabhakaran, et al. © 2013 Springer, Part of Springer Science+Business Media.  All rights reserved.
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Americans consume an enormous amount of media daily via television, radio, phone, and computer.  This massive U.S. media consumption is the topic of an in-depth study titled, "How Much Media?  2013 Report on American Consumers,"produced by the Institute for Communication Technology Management at the USC Marshall School of Business.

The report looks at media consumption by individuals in and out of the home, excluding the workplace, between 2008 and 2015.  It breaks "media" down into 30 categories of media type and delivery, such as television, social media, and computer gaming. 

Information reported in the study was canvassed from several hundred data sources, including media measurement firms such as Nielsen, Arbitron, and ComScore; investor and analyst firms; government sources; various think tanks; and research publications.
Consider some of the specifics:

· In 2008, U.S. media consumption totaled 3.5 zettabytes; that's an average of 33 gigabytes per consumer per day.  One byte is one character of text.  A gigabyte is one trillion bytes.  And a zettabyte is 10 raised to the 21st power bytes (a million million gigabytes.)
·  By 2012, total U.S. consumption had increased to 6.9 zettabytes, an average of 63 gigabytes per person per day.
· In 2008, Americans talked, viewed, and listened to media for 1.3 trillion hours, an average of 11 hours per person per day.
· By 2012, total consumption had increased to 1.46 trillion hours, an average of 13.6 hours per person per day, representing a year-over-year compounded growth rate of 5 percent.
·  By 2015, the data indicate that Americans will consume media for more than 1.7 trillion hours, an average of approximately 15.5 hours per person per day.  The amount of media delivered will exceed 8.75 zettabytes annually.  That's equal to 74 gigabytes, or 9 DVDs worth of data sent to the average consumer on an average day.
·  By 2015, mobile messaging hours, which in 2012 accounted for approximately 9 percent of voice call hours, are expected to double; that's a year-over-year growth rate of more than 27 percent.
· Viewing video on the Internet averaged less than three hours a month in 2008; by 2012, viewing time increased to almost six hours a month; and by 2015, the report projects that Americans will be watching video for almost eleven hours a month, a compound annual growth rate of 24 percent a year.
·  From 2008 to 2015, total annual hours for users of Facebook and YouTube will grow from 6.3 billion hours to 35.2 billion hours, a year-over-year growth rate of 28 percent.

Looking across different sources of media, the report makes a surprising discovery:  "Despite the popular belief that the ubiquitous computer and smartphone dominate modern media life, traditional media, including TV, radio, and voice calls, still account for two-thirds of total U.S. household media time."

The report also includes data on Americans' use of media dating back to the 1960s.  Over those decades, the supply of digital media measured in bytes has been growing at compounded rates ranging between 6 and 30 percent each year.

Media consumption, on the other hand — what we actually pay attention to — has been growing at compounded rates ranging between 3 and 5 percent each year.

USC Marshall School of Business, October 29, 2013, "How Much Media? 2013," by James E. Short.  © 2013 University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.  All rights reserved.
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